Unit 04 (2ESO) I've Got Rhythm

I'VE GOT RHYTHM

UNIT 4 DAY 1 - Heartbeat of Music.

   

Questionnaire (Unit 4 Day 1 - Thirteenth Lecture)

① When and how a Music Beat can change?
    Throughout a piece and it can do it gradually (accelerating or decelerating) or suddenly.

② Rhythm patterns in Life.
    Routine is the clearest example of biorhythm. We usually do the same things without changing the order.

③ What natural rhythms are the most striking? 
    The night follows day, there are four seasons, two tides, the moon turns round Earth every twenty-eight days and the Earth goes around the Sun in one year, etc.

We can compare the beat with the heartbeat or with clocks that regularly indicate the time. The beating of our hearts are usually as regular as a clockwork.

Junghans Wall Clock strikes eight o'clock

Heartbeat


If you need to accelerate the beat for some reason, for example when you run, it suffers a progressive acceleration.

The Music beat is the 'engine' that keeps Music in its regularity. It is an empty box where we will place the notes in the style of a cabinet with pigeonholes where we place different objects.

Beat is usually stable throughout the piece, but it can change over time and it can happen gradually (accelerating or decelerating) or suddenly.

Metronome 90-150bpm

Tempo change: DJ Turntable Basics

Fast - Slow: Betcha Can't Play This with John Petrucci


Rhythm is usually the most striking element of the music. Even in complex music, if the rhythm is outstanding, we will follow its patterns. 

Routine is a biorhythm (the scientific discipline that studies that is called chronobiology) that is based on regularity. We usually do the same things without changing the order. 

Earth Orbit


Everything in nature has its rhythm: night follows day, there are four seasons, two tides, the moon goes around the earth every twenty-eight days and the Earth goes around the Sun in one year.
Day and Night


Daylight Map

The Four Seasons

Mont Saint-Michel Tides


   

Hanon Aloud - Exercise 7 (Day 1)
Groups of four consecutive descending notes.



C - B - A - G / B - A - G - F / A - G - F - E / G - F - E - D / F - E - D - C / E - D - C - B / D - C - B - A

  Fiddle Paradiddle - Exercises 49 to 56. (Day 1)

49.- R R L R, R L R R (E+A)        53.- R R L R, R R L R (E+E)
50.- R R L R, L R L L (E+B)        54.- R R L R, L L R L (E+F)
51.- R R L R, L R R L (E+C)        55.- R R L R, R L R L (E+G)
52.- R R L R, R L L R (E+D)        56.- R R L R, L R L R (E+H)

    49    50    51    52    53    54    55    56


Recorder 2ESO



UNIT 4 DAY 2 - Tempo.

   

Questionnaire (Unit 4 Day 2 - Fourteenth Lecture)

① Basic classification of Tempo.
    Tempo can be fast, medium or slow.

② What is a Metronome?
    A metronome is a device that regularly measures beats with a handle that swings from right to left, producing a sound that is called 'clap' and helps the musicians when they are rehearsing.

Beat generates a movement or "tempo" that can be fast, medium or slow.

To refer to it we employ a series of Italian expressions or metronome marks, which is specified with a rhythmic figure associated to the number of beats per minute that we are intended to do to play the piece at the optimal speed.

A metronome is a device that measures the beat regularly with a handle that swings from right to left producing a characteristic click. That sound is called 'clap' and helps musicians rehearsing at the appropriate tempo.

Metronome MM=120

György Ligeti Poème Symphonique For 100 Metronomes


   

Hanon Aloud - Exercise 7 (Day 2)
Groups of four consecutive descending notes.



C - B - A - G / B - A - G - F / A - G - F - E / G - F - E - D / F - E - D - C / E - D - C - B / D - C - B - A

  Fiddle Paradiddle - Exercises 49 to 56. (Day 2)

49.- R R L R, R L R R (E+A)        53.- R R L R, R R L R (E+E)
50.- R R L R, L R L L (E+B)        54.- R R L R, L L R L (E+F)
51.- R R L R, L R R L (E+C)        55.- R R L R, R L R L (E+G)
52.- R R L R, R L L R (E+D)        56.- R R L R, L R L R (E+H)

    49    50    51    52    53    54    55    56


Recorder 2ESO


UNIT 4 DAY 3 - Changing Beats

   

Questionnaire (Unit 4 Day 3 - Fifteenth Lecture)

① Why normally listeners does not enjoy irregular rhythms?
    Listeners are not always used to the novelty.
② What kind of effect produces accelerating or decelerating the beat? 
    It has expressive purposes, as it is very striking any change in the rhythm.

Composers have tried to be creative with beats and rhythms, but the public is not always too accustomed to changing rhythms and enjoys more what it already knows than any avant-garde development. 

Yet, composers seek to build their original forms even when they work in the same styles as the other composers. 

However, the musician is able to play parts with irregular beats and shifting rhythms, often considered as proofs of his mastery.

Any change in the rhythm is very striking and can be used to adapt it to the complexity of human activity, such as the work songs we have already learn of. 

Snow White - Heigh-Ho (Walt Disney Classic)


Any task is more enjoyable if we match the accents of the music with repetitive movements of an artisan or manual activity. A work song fits the complexity of human activity and helps in making the task more bearable.

Cinderella - The work song


   

Hanon Aloud - Exercise 8 (Day 1)
Groups of five consecutive ascending notes.



C - D - E - F - G / D - E - F - G - A / E - F - G - A - B / F - G - A - B - C / G - A - B - C - D / A - B - C - D - E / B - C - D - E - F

  Fiddle Paradiddle - Exercises 57 to 64. (Day 1)

57.- L L R L, R L R R (F+A)        61.- L L R L, R R L R (F+E)
58.- L L R L, L R L L (F+B)        62.- L L R L, L L R L (F+F)
59.- L L R L, L R R L (F+C)        63.- L L R L, R L R L (F+G)
60.- L L R L, R L L R (F+D)        64.- L L R L, L R L R (F+H)

    57    58    59    60    61    62    63    64

Recorder 2ESO


UNIT 4 DAY 4 - Rhythms and Beats.

   

Questionnaire (Unit 4 Day 5 - Sixteenth Lecture)

① Difference between Rhythm and Beat.
    Rhythm is formed with a variety of elements (figures), while the beat is regular.
② What are the 'ingredients' of rhythm? 
    It consists of short and long elements which in turn are also subdivided.

③ What is 'ostinato'?
    It is a musical phrase that it is repeated a number of times.


The difference between rhythm and beat is that beats are regular, while rhythm is composed with a variety of figures. 


Consider the beat as an empty box and rhythm as the content we fill with. The continent is always the same, but what we put on it can be very varied. 

Hextatic - 'Pulse'


Rhythm consists of short and long elements, that are also subdivided into smaller elements. These elements are called rhythmic figures.


An ostinato is a rhythm (more specifically, a phrase) that is repeated insistently, hence the 'stubborn' gag in the title. 

Wiener Philharmoniker - Maurice Ravel - Bolero - Gustavo Dudamel


Ravel's Bolero - Cristina Álvarez - Gala 2011


Although looking rather rudimentary, ostinatos are one of the elements that are most appreciated by general public and they help to create a sense of form. 

Contemporary Music was torn between the need to avoid repetition (Integral Serialism, for example) and the constant repetition (Minimalism).

Music without Repetition: Anton Webern Symphonie op.21

Anton Webern: Symphonie, op. 21


Music with Repetition: John Adams - Phrygian Gates (1997)

John Adams Phrygian Gates


   

Hanon Aloud - Exercise 8 (Day 2)
Groups of five consecutive ascending notes.



C - D - E - F - G / D - E - F - G - A / E - F - G - A - B / F - G - A - B - C / G - A - B - C - D / A - B - C - D - E / B - C - D - E - F

  Fiddle Paradiddle - Exercises 57 to 64. (Day 2)

57.- L L R L, R L R R (F+A)        61.- L L R L, R R L R (F+E)
58.- L L R L, L R L L (F+B)        62.- L L R L, L L R L (F+F)
59.- L L R L, L R R L (F+C)        63.- L L R L, R L R L (F+G)
60.- L L R L, R L L R (F+D)        64.- L L R L, L R L R (F+H)

    57    58    59    60    61    62    63    64



Recorder 2ESO




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